These ESCs differentiated and assembled into radial layers of three embryonic germ tissues, or micropattern colonies. Researchers use these spatially organized colonies to study gene expression and ...

Then, in the developing embryo, cells form three primary layers — ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm — which, over time, become skin, neurons, heart, gut, and so on. These determinations of cells’ fates ...

A study of a simple marine animal suggests that the common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians may have had three germ layers instead of two. Nematostella embryos’ two cell layers arise during ...