Substances can exist in three states of matter - solid, liquid and gas. All substances are made from particles, and the forces between the particles are different in solids, liquids and gases.

The authors think we can rule out all known particles as being the cause. If the responsible particles have mass, they would ...

Quantum field theory marries the ideas of other quantum theories to depict all particles as “excitations” that arise in underlying fields. The British physicist Paul Dirac started the ball ...