Several animals, including octopuses, leeches, and starfish, have evolved multiple brain-like organs or distributed nerve networks. These adaptations enhance survival through independent limb ...

Evidence for this function first came from studies of the organ's anatomy and its nerves as well ... this feature is unknown in any other extant animal. With the aid of the intracranial joint ...

In a study published today (October 13) in iScience, researchers found a way to harness photosynthesis to supply neurons with oxygen: they injected either cyanobacteria or green algae into Xenopus ...