“The composition of animal-derived components in fetal bovine serum is uncertain, and immunogenicity cannot be completely eliminated. In addition, batch-to-batch variability makes the cell ...

Nearly all animal cells contain a nucleus. Plants produce food through photosynthesis. Most of this process takes place in an organelle unique to plant cells, called the chloroplast. Students can ...

Thus, non-animal source products for cell culture have become an essential feature of the biopharmaceutical production process. In addition, the growing worldwide shortage and consequent price ...

However, scaling up the production process comes with sustainability challenges of its own. Making meat in the lab starts with animal ... three days of culture with mouse muscle cells.