When exposed to antibiotics, approximately one out of every 10 8 -10 9 bacteria develops resistance due to spontaneous ...

Acquired resistance genes may allow bacteria to degrade or chemically modify antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. They ...

This "tripartite" protein complex, also known as a multidrug efflux pump, forms a conduit that drains out not only antibiotics but also virulence factors—i.e., molecules that are produced by the ...

Bacteria are known to develop antibiotic resistance in different ways, including mutations in their DNA. Another common mechanism is their ability to actively pump and transport antibiotics out of ...