When exposed to antibiotics, approximately one out of every 10 8 -10 9 bacteria develops resistance due to spontaneous ...

There are many ways bacteria can avoid antibiotics and it depends on the type of antibiotic - there are antibiotic efflux pumps which pump antibiotics from bacteria to the outside so that they don ...

The bacterial envelope offers the first line of defence against antimicrobials. Understanding how bacteria control the entry and efflux of chemicals helps us to explain and possibly reverse ...