In the eastern Arctic (red profiles in Figure 2), the PW layers are absent. The AW are separated from the surface by a cold layer in which the salinity increases — a 'cold halocline' (Aagaard et al.

As Atlantic waters move farther into the Arctic — a phenomenon known as atlantification — they are bringing increasing warmth ...

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing drastic changes, and scientists are raising alarms about the process of atlantification, which ...