induces autophagy. However, it is now clear that there are also TOR-independent types of regulation. For example, beclin-1 and Atg4 might be regulated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK ...

Today, research on autophagy is a growing field with increasing ... suggesting that they were a new type of organelle with a lytic function (Bainton 1981). De Duve named these new organelles ...

Regulating autophagy through specific drugs or compounds could have implications for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are linked to imbalances in ...