In plants, vanillin is synthesized by the conversion of ferulic acid by the enzyme—VpVAN. However, laboratory biosynthesis of vanillin from plant-derived VpVAN yields only very small quantities ...

Commercial production of natural vanillin, the vanilla flavoring compound, is limited by the lack of microbial or plant-derived enzymes which can synthesize large amounts of the product.

Bioengineered Probiotic Yeast Medicines are oral, live therapeutics that express and secrete disease-targeting therapeutic molecules in situ for the treatment of gastrointestinal-related diseases.

"The plant enzyme that's key to artepillin C production ... In the journal ACS Synthetic Biology, they report that their bioengineered yeast produced 10 times as much artepillin C as could be ...