Specifically, the M3 receptor has an important role in bladder function. Nonselective antimuscarinics, such as oxybutynin, block not only M3 receptors in the lower urinary tract but also cardiac ...

Figure 2: Expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in urothelial cells of the rat urinary bladder. Although TRPV1-null mice are anatomically normal ...

Bladder cancers (BCs) that invade the muscle layer are classified as muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs). The MIBC subtype accounts for around 25% of all BC cases, with a significant proportion of ...