The redox reactions affect the number of covalent bonds that a carbon makes to a heteroatom substituent, such as nitrogen and oxygen. Each redox state of carbon (Fig. 2) is associated with a class ...

This attraction pulls the atoms together and the electrons are shared by both atoms. The atoms bond because there is a strong enough attraction in both directions and room for the electrons in the ...

The ball-and-stick and first space-filling model show that sucrose is a large molecule made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Sucrose has many O–H bonds which are polar. These polar areas are shown ...

During the process of photosynthesis, cells use carbon dioxide and energy from the Sun to make sugar molecules and oxygen. These sugar molecules are the basis for more complex molecules made by ...

The Technion-developed process mimics ozonolysis, a long-established technology used to create molecules with carbon-oxygen bonds. Ozonolysis, developed more than a century ago, is effective at ...

Researchers at Leipzig University have developed a new process for reversing the polarity of chemical compounds, also known as umpolung, for the precise synthesis of pharmaceuticals. This innovative ...