Roughly 4% of the population is affected by a congenital brain malformation that has eluded researchers' efforts to find causes and treatments. For the condition, Chiari type-1 malformation ...

The most common presenting symptoms in the largest BCS series are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Common presenting symptoms of Budd–Chiari syndrome ... allowing a trial of shunting—if this fails ...

Roughly 4% of the population is affected by a congenital brain malformation ... to refine Chiari type-1 diagnoses so doctors could reliably determine which cases call for which clinical ...