Most of the time, an embryo growing in the womb fully develops into either a male or a female with all the appropriate body parts ... its gender—in most cases—are its sex chromosomes: two ...

In mammals, shelterin is a complex of proteins that "shelters" the ends of our chromosomes from unraveling ... Proteins can ...

Of the various parts of the cell cycle ... point during interphase (called the S phase), the cell duplicates its chromosomes and ensures its systems are ready for cell division.

For instance, the telomeres on chromosome 1's short arm (1p) differed by more than six kilobases between its two parts, 1pM and 1pP — the maternal (M) and paternal (P) chromosomes, respectively.