Complex molecular networks tightly control GDNF expression, and restrict it to the presumptive metanephric mesenchyme to ensure outgrowth of a single ... Congenital abnormalities of the kidney ...

Whether due to congenital reasons, surgical removal, or donation, many individuals lead normal, active lives with a single kidney. However, several myths persist, causing unnecessary worry.

One of the most common congenital defects in humans — it is detected in approximately 0.5% of fetuses analyzed by routine antenatal sonography — is a kidney abnormality known as hydronephrosis.

“Congenital kidney diseases are structural or functional ... and lifestyle factors,” she added. Ntloku said that one of the most pressing concerns is that kidney disease often develops silently.