THE pigment of the copper beech was identified in 1932 1 as cyanidin 3-galactoside; two years later, the colouring matter of wild strawberries was stated to be pelargonidin 3-galactoside 2.

The trunk of the dead tree stretches several meters up into the sky. The copper beech has fallen victim to the bark beetle. While a healthy beech would not have allowed the pest to multiply, ...