With a constructive wave, the swash is stronger than the backwash. With a destructive wave, the backwash is stronger than the swash. The backwash then flows back to the sea in a straight line at 90°.

Destructive waves have more energy and often cause coastal erosion. Destructive waves are steep and arrive at the coast rapidly (between 12-15 per minute). Their strong backwash will pull beach ...

In theory, this process allows us to effectively control wave energy – either by reducing destructive waves like tsunamis or boosting ocean waves for renewable energy capture. “This is important ...

Oppressive and dangerous heat waves rocked major metros this summer ... “This was one of the most destructive and expensive hurricane seasons in modern history.” “The impacts of extreme ...