In 1933, the two theorists Piotr Kapitza and Paul Dirac proved that an electron beam is even diffracted from a standing light wave (due to the particles' properties) and that interference effects ...

Here's how it works: when the Earth trembles, seismic waves spread out from the epicenter in all directions. On their way through the Earth, they are refracted, diffracted or reflected.

By measuring the angles and intensities of diffracted beams of X-rays interacting with a material, XRD provides detailed information about the crystallography, chemical composition, and physical ...