Bile duct inflammation and scarring, known as cholangiopathies, can disrupt bile flow, leading to liver damage and ...

How useful is Bernoulli's equation? How restrictive are the assumptions governing its use? Here we give some examples. Consider the steady, flow of a constant density fluid in a converging duct, ...

When a fluid is in motion, it must move in such a way that mass is conserved. To see how mass conservation places restrictions on the velocity field, consider the steady flow of fluid through a duct ...

Pinwheels are pretty optimized from a design standpoint, and are so cheap and easy to build that putting a pinwheel to work as an HVAC duct flow meter seems like a great idea. Great in theory ...

Measuring air flow in an HVAC duct can be a tricky business. Paddle wheel and turbine flow meters introduce not only resistance but maintenance issue due to accumulated dust and debris.