此外，有一些危险因素相关的问题需要去解答，如高 ki-67、高组织学分级、低 er/pr 表达、脉管癌栓、年轻的患者适合做「降阶」的手术吗？

The presence of biomarkers, even in small amounts, can shape the course of treatment for a patient, says Andy Guinigundo, MSN, RN, CNP, ANP-BC.

Progesterone receptors (PgR), oestrogen receptors (ER), and HER2, a protein present in cells ... ER-positive (ER+) breast cancers have estrogen receptors. PR-positive (PR+) breast cancers have ...