Owing to the high electron number density, the electron plasma frequency is extremely high and it far exceeds the electron collision frequency. Such properties lead to many novel effects 4 , 5 , 6 .

Physicists use the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to test key accelerator strategies for the cutting-edge Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). When constructing a cutting-edge particle collider like ...

Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University (SBU) have shown that particles produced in collimated sprays ...

Among random errors in microanalysis are such factors as: X-ray generation – There is no guarantee that a given electron-atom collision is going to result in the emission of a characteristic X-ray ...

After 25 years of smashing gold nuclei together at light speeds, Brookhaven National Laboratory’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is hanging up its boots—erm, superconducting magnets.