Check to find the ‘power’ button on your own calculator. This is particularly useful when the index number is large. The square root of \({16}\) is \({4}\) (because \(4^2 = 4 \times 4 = 16\)).

As 2 squared is 4, then a square root of 4 must be 2. \(2^2 = 4\). Reversing this gives \(\sqrt{4} = 2\). To find square roots or cube roots, work backwards from square numbers and cube numbers.

There are many ways to compute the square root operations for VLSI and FPGA implementations. Three algorithms will be discussed here. A. The Newton-Raphson Algorithm The Newton-Raphson method is ...