How do we know that organelles were once free-living bacteria? For one thing, their DNA differs from that found in the host cell's nucleus. In addition, these bacteria can only reproduce on their own.

How do antibiotics work ... the fragile interior that contains the DNA and essential proteins that bacteria use to reproduce asexually. Antibiotics often work in one of three ways: Antibiotics ...

Although some very simple kinds of creatures, like bacteria, do simply make copies of themselves ... developed enough to survive in the world. To reproduce, animals need a male and female.

It does not digest its host nucleic acids, like many other intranuclear bacteria. This feeding strategy ... Endonucleobacter with the nutrients it needs to reproduce to such massive numbers.

Passed onto offspring via infection of the egg, but not sperm, these bacteria have developed a range of reproduction-manipulating mechanisms that ensure their continued prevalence. Chief among these ...