That’s the channel inside a volcano that opens up to the surface. As it cools it becomes a very hard type of igneous rock. This one first formed over 350 million years ago. Then, millions of ...

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Igneous rocks form when magma cools underground or erupts at the surface as lava. The magma rises into the Earth’s crust, where it can get trapped underground or erupt from volcanoes as molten lava.

No matter how many missions to Mars she takes part in, the sheer joy of unearthing discoveries about the red planet never gets old for Mariek Schmidt.

Beaches around the world come in many colors, from the familiar golden and white sands to rarer hues like pink, red, and even ...

Volcanic rock is formed when lava or magma cools down and becomes a solid. We call this type of rock igneous rock. Here are three different types of igneous rock from the Museum’s collection.

The chemical makeup of mineral inclusions preserved in impact glass hints at the site of a missing impact crater.

Petrology is the study of rocks - igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary - and the processes ... At CU Boulder, we use petrology to study the formation of volcanoes and their magmatic sources, the ...

In addition to assessing sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks that are accessible at ... The cause of episodes of unrest at caldera volcanoes is often unclear. Analysis of the sulfur ...

investigation of magmatic and volcanic flows through analogue experiments, numerical modelling and theory development; petrological studies of igneous rocks; and development of novel approaches to ...