Life on Earth probably began in warm, underwater 'chemical gardens', rich in hydrogen and iron. Researchers from Germany have ...

In the laboratory experiment, the researchers produced miniature versions of such "black smokers." As it happens naturally at ...

Lianjie Man and colleagues conducted high-pressure-temperature laboratory experiments to determine the crystal structure and density of the iron-sulfide phase in Mars's core. The authors suggest ...

or trace metals to the experiment." The single-celled organism thus proved highly adept at utilizing the hydrogen gas produced by the abiotic precipitation of iron sulfides as an energy source.