A layer of charged particles, called the ionosphere, surrounds Earth, extending from about 50 to 400 miles above the surface of the planet. Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for ...

The Earth's structure. Planet Earth is not a solid ball of rock, it's made up of different layers. The crust of ... from solid iron and nickel. In this diagram, the red lines represent the edges ...

For the two-layer model, we demonstrate the utility of contours on the mass–radius diagrams. Given the mass and radius input, these contours can be used to quickly determine the important physical ...