In general, for oral drugs approved since 1983, there has been an increase in molecular mass, O plus N atom count and OH plus NH count, whereas lipophilicity has remained relatively unchanged.

Applications of the concept of drug-likeness, which involve consideration of how properties of chemicals such as lipophilicity compare with those of approved drugs, have become widely accepted as ...

In the field of medicinal chemistry, heterocyclic compounds play an essential role by displaying different biological activity. Five-membered ring containing heterocycles always attracted researchers ...

However, their strong hydrophilicity and poor lipophilicity result in insufficient cell membrane permeability, and high doses are required to achieve therapeutic effects, which severely limits ...