Later, it evolved into the prefrontal and transorbital lobotomy, which involved using an instrument resembling an ice pick to sever the nerves manually. The surgical tool was called a leucotome.

The disturbing lengths that she went to in order to quiet her brain is stuck in my head (much like that bloody lobotomy tool), and I’m left with one big question: Was this a one-time thing or a ...

This terrible need for treatment cleared the path for widespread acceptance of such radical treatments as shock therapy and lobotomy. In the United States, neurology professor Walter Freeman threw ...