Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MDThe lumbar spine includes the five vertebrae in your lower back numbered L1 to L5 ...

Lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are common spine pathologies with different ... the lateral recess due to facet joint hypertrophy, thickening and bulging ...

To understand this condition, it’s necessary to understand the anatomy of the low back. The lower (lumbar) spine consists of 5 vertebrae, L-1 through L-5, stacked on top of each other, held together ...

This condition is known as lumbar canal stenosis ... the stability of the spine and cause a misalignment. The facet joints keep the spine in a straight line, and with wear and tear, there can ...