One piece of evidence for mitochondria’s role surfaced in 2011, when researchers curtailed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—highly destructive molecules that are byproducts of ...

Nanomedicine. 2014;9(9):1403-1422. To promote specific differentiation of RAW 264.7 macrophages, the cells were cultured in the presence of: IL-4 (to promote the M2 anti-inflammatory subtype), or ...

A recent study reveals that dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a compound already approved for other inflammatory diseases, can prevent and alleviate ...

TBC1D1 and GDP-bound Rab8a interacts with NOX2, and enhances its enzymatic activity to generate ROS, which promotes M1 polarization in macrophages and consequent development of obesity.