Total endoscopic repair of the mitral valve is now possible with the assistance of robotic technology, but the physiologic insult of cardiopulmonary bypass is still present. Catheter based ...

Thermal energy has been utilized to shrink collagen tissue within the annulus, leaflet and chordal apparatus of the mitral valve. [20] Early animal work has demonstrated that naturally occurring ...

Open heart surgery for aortic or mitral valve repair or replacement has traditionally required opening the patient’s chest through their sternum (breast bone). In many cases today, a minimally ...

In rheumatic heart disease, an autoimmune attack on the mitral valve produces thickening of the valve leaflets. The mitral valve is often described as having a "fish-mouth" appearance. Whether the ...

Inspection of the jugular venous pulsations may reveal a prominent A wave due to vigorous atrial contraction of a prominent V wave due to tricuspid regurgitation that develops from pulmonary ...