The redox reactions affect the number of covalent bonds that a carbon makes to a heteroatom substituent, such as nitrogen and oxygen. Each redox state of carbon (Fig. 2) is associated with a class ...

The dot and cross diagram shows that a water molecule is made up of one oxygen atom ... made up of two nitrogen atoms joined together. Nitrogen atoms can form three covalent bonds, so a triple ...

There are only seven diatomic elements that default to this double bond. Five of them — hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen and chlorine — are gases at room temperature and normal pressure.