report a certain amount of improvement after PFO closure. Indeed, the same factors influencing the risk of paradoxical embolism are likely to have a role in the pathogenesis of migraine and ...

A patent foramen ovale or PFO is a defect in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart. This defect is actually an incomplete closure of the atrial wall that results in a flap or valve-like ...

In adults, the prevalence of PFO ranges between 20% and 34%. PFO is associated with a variety of disorders, including cryptogenic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), migraine, and ...