There is a large diversity in the chemical composition of astronomical objects such as planets, comets, circumstellar ...

(It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.) A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the ...

This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule. DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides that are linked to one another in a chain ...

“Then there was the development of chemical fertilisers, including phosphates, which turbocharge the soil and help crops to grow. But there are all sorts of other, negative side effects that we ...

The reaction product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and the phosphate group either ends up as orthophosphate (HPO 4) or attached to another molecule (e.g. an alcohol). Even more energy can be ...

The reaction product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and the phosphate group either ends up as orthophosphate (HPO 4) or attached to another molecule (e.g. an alcohol). Even more energy can be ...