For example, the endocytic machinery has to generate sufficient force to bend the membrane bilayer and form an endocytic vesicle. If the resistance of the plasma membrane — the load — is ...

Thus, the hydrophilic heads of the glycerophospholipids in a cell's plasma membrane face both the water-based cytoplasm and the exterior of the cell. Altogether, lipids account for about half the ...

Considering that many apical membrane proteins have very short or non-existent cytoplasmic domains—meaning that most of their ...