A cognitive bias is a mental shortcut intended to spare us time, effort, or discomfort, but at the cost of accuracy and reliability.

Flawed study designs and a “publication bias” that favors confirmatory results are other longtime sources of concern. A series of replication projects in the mid-2010s amplified these worries.

This format is designed to minimize publication bias and research bias in hypothesis-driven research, while also allowing the flexibility to conduct exploratory (unregistered) analyses and report ...