The schematic diagram [Figure (b)] shows that the Stokes beam is modulated with an electro-optic modulator (EOM, M350-160 KD*P, Conoptics) at a couple of MHz by using a square-wave function-generator ...

Noise from inelastic scattering, particularly spontaneous Raman scattering, is a significant hurdle. It produces broadband photons that can mask the faint quantum signals, creating a trade-off ...

In contrast, a small amount of light is scattered at different wavelengths depending on the chemical structure of the analyte (Raman scattering). A Raman spectrum is a vibrational spectrum, where each ...

Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) is a powerful spectroscopic technique used to measure molecular vibrations and temperatures in various environments, particularly in combustion and ...