Their benefits are such that it’s become surprisingly rare to see a traditional linear power supply with a mains-frequency transformer and rectifier circuit, so [ElectroBoy]’s dual voltage PSU ...

PFC rectifier control loops are introduced ... PV cells, modules, and arrays are introduced and a circuit model is developed to enable analysis, modeling, and Spice simulations of complete PV power ...

could be used to replace both the rectifiers and transistors necessary to connect long distance phone calls. In essence, the four-layer diode was the first integrated circuit since it did the work ...