One of the problems with being engaged in our hobby or profession is that people assume if you can build a computer out of chips, you must know all the details of their latest laptop computer ...

An increasing number of SoC designs are requiring an interface to some form of external memory. The modern DDR2 SDRAM offers security of supply, high storage capacity, low cost, and reasonable channel ...

Over the past 25 years we have seen the transition from SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM) to DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM, and then to DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4 on a cadence of five year cycles. Currently we ...

Porto Alegre, Brazil Abstract : This paper deals with reusability issues in the development of a double data rate (DDR) SDRAM controller module for FPGA-based systems. The development of integrated ...