Consumer electronic devices are made from materials that we have been using for more than 60 years, mainly silicon, germanium ...

A silicon atom has four electrons in its outer shell and bonds tightly with four surrounding silicon atoms creating a crystal matrix with eight electrons in the outer shells. However, phosphorus ...

The n-type silicon is made by including atoms that have one more electron in their outer level than does silicon, such as phosphorus. Phosphorus has five electrons in its outer energy level, not four.

Silicon photonics revolutionizes data transmission with faster, more efficient lasers integrated on silicon wafers.

They synthesized a series of silicon nanostructures using an etching technique optimized at HZB and determined the ...