Several animals, including octopuses, leeches, and starfish, have evolved multiple brain-like organs or distributed nerve networks. These adaptations enhance survival through independent limb ...

These are not accidental adaptations; they have evolved to increase ... and slip into small spaces effortlessly. Starfish are unique in the fact that they do not have any central brain whatsoever.

The evolution of starfish eyes is a story of necessity and adaptation. Unlike many marine animals that evolved complex camera-like eyes, starfish developed just enough vision to suit their lifestyle.

Professor Richard Fortey looks at the predatory characteristics of the starfish and the dog whelk and the protective adaptations their prey have developed. The starfish use their sticky tube feet ...

Professor Richard Fortey looks at the predatory characteristics of the starfish and the dog whelk and the protective adaptations their prey have developed. The starfish use their sticky tube feet ...