After Castillo’s own trachea had partially collapsed following complications ... “These results confirm what we—and many patients—hoped at the time of the original operation: that tissue engineered ...

One long-existing question was whether these cells can be used for other tasks — like biological robots — after they have specialized into a specific tissue type, with a recent study by [Gizem ...

Critics of the procedure claim that there is no way of knowing whether the cells have developed into functioning wind pipe cells: see The trachea: The first tissue-engineered organ?. Prof Macchiar ...

Airway stenting is a critical intervention for managing tracheal obstruction ... designed to minimize complications such as granulation tissue formation that can lead to restenosis.