Muscular VSDs occur in the mid to apical interventricular septum and do not involve cardiac valves. A Gerbode defect is technically a type of ventricular septal defect, although this results in a ...

What are the indications to close a ventricular septal defect? The indications to close a ventricular septal defect either percutaneously or surgically are: 1. When the Qp/Qs is > 1.5 and there is ...