A lobotomy is a type of brain surgery that involves the removal or cutting of a portion of the brain, usually for the purpose ...

In 1945, he refined the procedure again, creating the transorbital lobotomy, which resulted in a scar-free surgery. Major U.S. medical centers like Yale, Harvard, Columbia, and the University of ...

Though his follow-up was mainly within the first few days of surgery and his determination ... of such radical treatments as shock therapy and lobotomy. In the United States, neurology professor ...