found iron shackles during excavations in Ghozza, a mining settlement in Egypt's eastern desert. The discovery is a strong evidence to forced labor in gold mining operations during the Ptolemaic ...

to discuss strategies for advancing Egypt’s iron and steel industry. The meeting focused on exploring investment opportunities in the iron and steel sector, with particular attention given to ...

to discuss strategies for advancing Egypt's iron and steel industry. The meeting focused on exploring investment opportunities in the iron and steel sector, with particular attention given to ...

More information: Bérangère Redon, Iron shackles from the Ptolemaic gold mines of Ghozza (Egypt, Eastern Desert), Antiquity (2025). DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2025.39 Journal information: Antiquity ...