There are many ways bacteria can avoid antibiotics and it depends on the type of antibiotic - there are antibiotic efflux pumps which pump antibiotics from bacteria to the outside so that they don ...

Could a gene regulatory network in gut microbes have evolved its elaborate and tightly regulated molecular machinery only to pump out antibiotics indiscriminately? Researchers from the Institute of ...

The bacterial envelope offers the first line of defence against antimicrobials. Understanding how bacteria control the entry and efflux of chemicals helps us to explain and possibly reverse ...