The eggs were placed in an artificial culture vessel made of transparent film, allowing for real-time observation of the chick embryo's development from laying to hatching. The study is published ...

As governments and industry move to ban the culling of male chicks, a central question continues to shape public policy, research funding and ethical debates: When can a chick embryo feel pain?

(A) Diagram of experimental set up. A dissected chick embryo was cultured and live imaged on a microscope and cellular flow was studied. (B) PIV analysis showing streamlines, indicating an ...