Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or fMLF (F3506), DMSO, and Pertussis toxin (PT, P7208) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Human recombinant CXCL8 (CHM349), CXCL1 or GROα (CHM329) and GM-CSF (CYT ...

As noted above, stellate cell activation is the central event in hepatic fibrosis. Activation consists of 2 major phases: (1) initiation (also called apreinflammatory stage) and (2) perpetuation ...