It has been demonstrated that good metabolic control maintained throughout pregnancy can reduce maternal and fetal complications in diabetes. Diet is the mainstay of treatment in GDM, but physical ...

It is only found in the maternal, but not fetal circulation ... in pregnancy and might play an important role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes (12,13).

As such, the neonatal complications of GDM are important to consider. The potential sequelae of shoulder dystocia are Erb's palsy, a stretch injury to the brachial plexus, and intrapartum fetal ...