after saponification of the lipids and removal of the non-saponifiable compounds. (2) The direct transfer of the fatty acids in ester combination from glycerol to methanol 1.

Fat molecules contain three ester links. These can be hydrolysed when they are heated with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This results in the formation of glycerol and a salt - soap.

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They are made by reacting edible oils with glycerol. While they form ester links with the glycerol backbone, there are still unused hydroxyl group(s) on the molecule. One emulsifier that is ...