AIMS To identify the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) shunt flow pattern using Doppler echocardiography; and to assess whether it could be used to predict the development of clinically significant PDA.

This decrease in fluid level makes the body more susceptible to hypothermia and other cold injuries. Size/shape (Eskimo vs. Masai) Insulation (layering/type) Fat (as insulation) Shell/core (shunt ...